Portland State Philosophy Protests “Administrative Malfeasance”


The administration of Portland State University has violated the university’s collective bargaining agreement in laying off three long-employed members of the Department of Philosophy, according to a petition currently circulating.

The petition is here.

Members of the the Department of Philosophy at Portland State have asked that the following letter be shared with the philosophy community.

In it, they explain what has happened at their university and ask for readers to sign the petition.

Portland State University is axing philosophy faculty and shared governance


From the Department of Philosophy at Portland State

At the end of this academic year, Portland State University (PSU) is laying off three longstanding and cherished members of the Philosophy Department. They are NTTFs—PSU’s term for non-tenure-track faculty who, unlike adjunct faculty, have continuous appointments, received after a rigorous review of teaching and university service.

The American Philosophical Association board has issued a letter on our behalf, and we are asking for members of the academic community to sign a petition to our Board of Trustees and our administration to demand the reinstatement of our philosophy colleagues.

We share this information largely because we would appreciate your support. But given that financial strains are not unique to PSU, we want to make other departments aware of potential administrative malfeasance.

An outsider might view the situation as one where an academic institution is facing a severe budget shortfall. Hard times call for hard decisions, and one difficult but reasonable decision is to lay off non-tenure-track faculty.

However, there are reasons why that narrative is not a good description of our situation.

First, the PSU administration claims that the layoffs are due to an $18M budget shortfall. However, an independent analysis commissioned by our AAUP chapter gives reason to be skeptical of that figure.

Second, although NTTFs do not have tenure protection, PSU does have contractual obligations to them. In particular, according to our Promotion & Tenure Guidelines and Collective Bargaining Agreement (pdf), decisions to lay off NTTFs must be “made in accordance with applicable shared governance procedures”. However, the administration’s process has been anything but shared—departments themselves and the Portland State University Faculty Senate have had zero input.

Third, as we outline in our petition, the decision to lay off our NTTFs will have consequences not foreseen by our administrators, both to students at PSU and to community members. And this will likely lead to lower philosophy enrollments at PSU—which may then be used to justify even further cuts.

Last, our NTTFs should not have been in such a precarious situation in the first place. All three soon-to-be-dismissed NTTFs could easily be tenure-line or tenured faculty at PSU or many other colleges and universities. The fact that they are not tenure-line faculty is indicative of the general erosion of tenure.

Administrators who claim that their university is under financial distress must not be given carte blanche. Faculty should stay vigilant by assessing the validity of their administration’s accounting, shedding light on unintended consequences of layoffs, and not allowing administrators to run roughshod over contractually-mandated governance procedures. What might from the outside seem like reasonable belt-tightening measures may end up as (and, at PSU, in fact are) a violation of contractual obligations, a devastating loss to the department and community, and a devaluation of a philosophy education more generally.

The petition is here.

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David Wallace
David Wallace
1 year ago

When stories like this come up on DN, pretty much invariably it turns out that the university in question has seen a substantial and sustained decrease in student enrollment (apparently for PSU it’s been about 30% since 2014, 20% overall since 2008). And my baseline assumption would be that if a university decreases its undergraduate numbers in a sustained way, in the medium term faculty size should decrease proportionately. That’s not just about the finances, but it’s substantially about the finances: a large part of the income of most universities is proportional to student numbers. It also looks fairly obvious in the other direction: if your university doubled its student intake, presumably you’d want it to increase faculty numbers rather than just getting everyone to work harder.

There are lots of reasons why in a particular case some headcount reduction might be unreasonable, such as:
– maybe there is reason to think that the decline in student numbers is reversible, and that reducing headcount just makes the permanence of the decline into a self-fulfilling prophecy.
– maybe the faculty was already decreasing in size along with undergraduate numbers, so that these reductions are on top of that.
– maybe the faculty was already too small relative to the student body and the decrease is an opportunity to rectify that.
– maybe student numbers are decreasing overall, but student numbers *in philosophy* are holding steady.
– maybe philosophy plays a disproportionate role in the general-education curriculum, such that its headcount needs to be protected (with the decreases thus falling on other departments)
– maybe a decrease is reasonable in principle but (as here, apparently) the administration is violating agreed-upon procedure. 

But the way stories like this get presented (here and elsewhere) often seems to presume a more principled view: that it’s never justified to reduce the size of the philosophy faculty, even if the student body is shrinking substantially, short of an immediate and acute financial crisis. I’ve never seen that explicitly defended, though; I’d be interested in hearing a defense, if there is one.

Slexter
Slexter
Reply to  David Wallace
1 year ago

An airplane full of philosophers was preparing for takeoff when the pilot made an announcement: the plane was too heavy, and some weight needed to be offloaded.

The philosophers exchanged thoughtful glances, nodded in agreement, and immediately began deliberating on who among them should leave the plane to lighten the load.

Twenty minutes later, as the flight attendant walked down the aisle, ready to address the situation, the philosophers proudly proclaimed that they had reached a decision: they had determined who would disembark to ensure the plane could take off safely.

To this day, we honor their reasonableness and selflessness. After all, without their noble sacrifice, those bags of shredded documents in the cargo hold would never have made it to the dump before it closed.

The question isn’t whether it is ever justified to get rid of philosophy faculty, the question is whether it is the appropriate time to be laying off philosophy faculty – might there not (very often) be more appropriate things to be getting rid of before the philosophy faculty?

David Wallace
David Wallace
Reply to  Slexter
1 year ago

Do you mean, members of other faculties should be got rid of first? Or do you mean the faculty size should just be independent of the total number of students?

Ugh
Ugh
Reply to  David Wallace
1 year ago

Where in this post does it “seem[] to presume a more principled view: that it’s never justified to reduce the size of the philosophy faculty, even if the student body is shrinking substantially, short of an immediate and acute financial crisis”? You seem to be ignoring that actual content of the letter to provoke some broader and irrelevant discussion.

David Wallace
David Wallace
Reply to  Ugh
1 year ago

I think I was fairly explicit in my email that I was indeed making a broader point, not commenting specifically on this one post. If you think that point is irrelevant you’re not obliged to engage with it. (I waited a day or so before posting because I didn’t want to derail any more immediately-relevant discussion of this point in particular.)

As for where in general posts like this seem to presume that ‘more principled view’: when DN posts about faculty reductions or threatened reductions, it pretty much always turns out that the university in question has had large reductions in enrollment, and yet the post pretty much never explores its significance.

Last edited 1 year ago by David Wallace
Preston Stovall
Preston Stovall
Reply to  David Wallace
1 year ago

I’ll just chime in here in support of Wallace. Here’s something I said at Leiter’s blog in August, concerning SUNY-Potsdam’s impending contraction (with “Cuny” corrected to “SUNY”:

I’m a little unsure of what the numbers are supposed to tell us. Curry notes that, factoring in for inflation, SUNY currently receives around half as much money from the State of New York as it did in 2004. What was student enrollment in 2004? After a quick search, I can’t find numbers on yearly enrollments, but Wikipedia discusses the declining enrollment situation at the University and it looks like it went from being a founder of the SUNY system as a college for teachers after the Second World War, to expanding into a more general university in the 60s, riding the wave of higher ed’s expansion in the second half of the twentieth century, with enrollments declining at least since 2010.

But if I’m doing the math right, and just going by what’s given above, with a decrease in student enrollment close to 40%, or almost 1700 students, since 2012, and with in-state tuition fees at close to $9000 dollars a year, that’s on the order of $15 million per year lost from student enrollments. I’m sure it’s less than that, owing to tuition wavers and other support, but Curry says there’s an annual deficit of $9 million, and that most of the University’s expenses are in personnel. Is there any reason to think the drop in student enrollments isn’t a big part of that deficit? If it is, what should be done but lower personnel expenses? We can argue with how much should be trimmed, and where, but the personnel costs have to go down pretty drastically in a situation like this, right?

At any rate, going on the offensive has always struck me as worth more attention. David Hoinski urged the same when WVU was doing something similar, and I wish a more pro-active approach had been taken up by humanities professors two decades ago. The rpk Group is just one of a handful of institutional and individual forces looking to remake higher ed in the image of a new social and employment environment. As it is, I worry that humanities education in the U.S. today has developed an elitist image whose adherents are thought of as fostering ideological commitments that are not as widely shared among U.S. citizens in general as they are in the humanities, so that it seems rational for citizens who reject those commitments to encourage their children to do something different with themselves. Maybe it’s possible, this late in the culture war, to bridge that divide — and if I had the resources to mount a charge, that’s the line of attack I’d take. But together with the demographic cliff that higher education will face in the next few years, owing to the dip in birthrate after the recession of 2008, I suspect we’re fighting a reargaurd action at this point.

julian
julian
Reply to  David Wallace
1 year ago

“An outsider might view the situation as one where an academic institution is facing a severe budget shortfall. Hard times call for hard decisions, and one difficult but reasonable decision is to lay off non-tenure-track faculty. However, there are reasons why that narrative is not a good description of our situation.”

Doesn’t sound like the people at PSU necessarily disagree with you.

ikj
ikj
Reply to  David Wallace
1 year ago

what i see in this post, and this critique is implied in slexter’s reply, is zero sum thinking. i understand the idea that arguing/suggesting that faculty ought never to be laid off is a bit silly.

but let us ask what is the purpose of the college/university and to what degree firing faculty rather than making other budgetary adjustments is the best way to preserve that purpose. it is reasonable to ask if administration offers as much value to the purpose of the university as does faculty. and here in the u.s. we have sports, and gyms, and other extracurricular expenses that tend not to get cut first or very drastically. it is far, far easier to get a new gym built than it is to get new faculty hires in the humanities.

let us ask too what kind of savings we actually get from laying off non-tenure track faculty. surely one tenured line is worth at least two non-tenure positions, and maybe far more than that. i’m not saying fire the tenured folks instead but let’s be real: getting rid of non-tenured faculty is a small and short-term savings that is done mostly because non-tenured faculty have little in terms of employment protection and institutional status and not because cutting these positions offers the best way to meet budget shortfalls.