Ad Hoc

This is a useful comic for teaching this variety of fallacy recognized by Nyāya philosophers! (And I like that the fallacy is autological). For the curious, you can read about it in the Nyāyasūtra, 1.2.12 and following (it’s translated in Dasti & Phillips’ book). In fact they subdivided the fallacy (known as “chala”) into three subtypes, depending on precisely what kind of equivocation is going on. There’s equivocation based on homonyms, based on excessive generalization, and based on construing too literally.